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e Dating t Dating t Org e Li%3E%3Cli%3E%3Ca%20href a A%3E%3C o Dating e A%3E%3C e A%3E%3C a Szh l Dating dempathetic readers to emotionally experience the words, “The White Slave” (PLATE 4).
The character of Archy Moore as a white mulatto set the precedent for the heroes and heroines of antislavery novels that followed. Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe was published in 1852. Twenty thousand copies were sold in three weeks and around three hundred thousand by the end of the year. George Harris, a slave, is described as “a very light mulatto” who could “pass for a white man.” E. Bruce Kirkham has analyzed the novel and called attention to Stowe’s change in the description of Eliza from a mulatto to a quadroon.
“The change is important because, whereas a mulatto is either a Negro with one white parent or merely a Negro with some white blood, the term ‘quadroon’ is applied only to a Negro with three white grandparents. Eliza’s blood line and therefore, to some degree, her color, education, and social background are more clearly defined by ‘quadroon’ than ‘mulatto’; she is made whiter.”
Avery O. Craven has studied antebellum culture and concluded that Uncle Tom’s Cabin was successful because the “morally confused North had been supplied with concrete stereotypes with which to clarify and simplify its thinking.” George Harris, Eliza, and their son Harry were indeed “concrete stereotypes” of light and white slaves.
In the words of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s contemporary, George Fitzhugh, a Southern writer about whom there is much said in Chapter 6, “To defend and justify mere negro slavery, and condemn other forms of slavery, is to give up expressly the whole cause of the South–for mulattoes, quadroons, and men with as white skins as any of us, may legally be, and in fact are, held in slavery in every State of the South.
The abolitionists well know this, for almost the whole interest of Mrs. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin, arises from the fact, that a man and woman, with fair complexions, are held as slaves.” Up through 1861 no less than seventeen novels utilized a stereotype known as the “tragic mulatto.”
The heroes and heroines featured in these novels had light or white complexions and found themselves in such “tragic” situations as the surprise discovery of slave status, death before dishonor, or being sold into slavery. William Bedford Clark has studied this genre and states that a white-looking woman was most often the “tragic mulatto” in such stories.
This choice was absolutely intentional. “As students of this tradition note, the fact that the slave protagonist in such novels was to all appearances white and shared the characteristics of the typical white heroine of melodramatic romance helped address the arbitrary nature of racial distinctions in general and therefore short-circuited whatever racial biases the northern audience itself maintained.”
The Octoroon, a very popular play scheduled to be performed at Ford’s Theatre the night after Lincoln attended Our American Cousin there, shows that the “tragic mulatto” character had broad appeal and was not limited to novels. White readers and theatergoers were readily able to identify with white or nearly white characters and their oppression under slavery.
This explains the reason they were utilized instead of characters with darker complexions. There were two distinctly different ways of looking at white mulattoes–socially and physiologically. Socially, a white partus slave looked as white as any white person but was considered a black person because he or she had “one drop” of black blood from a distant black female ancestor who was a slave. Such was the case when Mr. C. was told,
“That’s not a white girl; she is a nigger, sir.” Physiologically speaking, however, white partus slaves were white people because all traits of their remote black ancestry had disappeared. The North saw these white slaves as whites. The South saw these white slaves as blacks. An 1857 issue of the Chicago Daily Tribune commented on racial classification in the South.
“The southern census takers, it is notorious, returned all persons as blacks who, were not more than half white. Those who possessed straight hair and Anglo-Saxon features they set down as mulattoes, many of whom were as white-skinned as their owners.”
The actual number of white mulatto slaves is unknowable because all shades from “one drop” to those showing some discernible degree of black admixture were classed together as mulattoes without any distinction as to color.
Travelers who spoke of white slaves in the South, advertisements for white runaway slaves, newspaper articles about white slaves, and light and white heroes and heroines in “tragic mulatto” fiction all served to validate that there were white people who were enslaved in the South. Disbelievers were shown, in the words of the newspaper article cited earlier, that “Slavery has no ‘prejudice against color.’
Sunday, August 26, 2007 at 2:18 am
It had to be hard being a white mulatto slave, because you got disliked by whites, for having some black in you, and blacks for having a white phenotype (physical appearance).
Sunday, August 26, 2007 at 3:46 am
hey chance:
i’m checkin’ out, dude. peace.
Sunday, August 26, 2007 at 4:22 am
@ Kahlil,
My response: Kahlil it was nice having you here please feel free to come by anyime in the future. You contributed alot. There is also, a strong possibility that I wil open a mixed race mulatto website/forum for us mulattoes. This is very likely, it will be a place dedicated to helping us mulattoes put an end to the ODR (one drop rule). This will happen in early 2008 or sooner (late 2007). I am just learning more so when I start I will be prepared. Keep checking in.
Wednesday, September 19, 2007 at 4:09 am
This dynamic is still into play today; I’m a phenotypically White Creole who lived “Black” for 30 years; but, eventually, my White Blood “caught up” to me & I began to receive “Passes” everywhere I went.
Now I’m 100% White; just as before, I was 100% Black. Thanks, Chance, for your liberating Essais.
best Kahlil
p.s. Now tha I’m 100% White, I can’t return to this site. BYE, everybody & ON(C)E LOVE(D)!
Wednesday, September 19, 2007 at 6:34 am
@ blancsurblanc (Kahlil),
Thanks for your input here at this website, it was appreciated. Hopefully you will come by again in the future.
Wednesday, September 19, 2007 at 4:33 pm
“This dynamic is still into play today; I’m a phenotypically White Creole who lived “Black” for 30 years; but, eventually, my White Blood “caught up” to me & I began to receive “Passes” everywhere I went.”
what do you mean? you mean people thought you were white? did they treat you differently? if so then why did it take you this long to decide to be white?
Monday, October 15, 2007 at 12:14 pm
~intvoice/powell9.html
Monday, October 15, 2007 at 12:58 pm